As quickly most to construct the house in 2005г.

To быстровозводимому to dwelling houses from special, basically concern, non-capital designs which allow to construct the house in terms, considerably smaller, than it is stipulated for comparable capital designs on norms{rates} of duration of construction. They are not calculated on the subsequent disassemblies, transportation and installation, and term of their service can be similar to service life of capital houses.

Overall objective of application быстровозводимых at home is reduction of terms of construction and acceleration of input of individual habitation in operation. The prominent features distinguishing быстровозводимые the houses from traditional, capital houses, are:

The raised{increased} degree of factory readiness of all constructive elements;

Presence of the built in engineering equipment completed at a factory and furniture;

Smaller weight of designs due to application of the facilitated building materials;

Application nonconventional быстросборных units of connections of constructive elements on the basis of замковых, self-fixed, automatic and other principles of action;

Opportunity of installation of the house manually, without use кранового the equipment;

Greater{Big} degree of unification of constructive elements;

Higher quality and accuracy of building materials and designs due to their manufacturing in favorable industrial conditions instead of, frequently, adverse conditions of the building area and others.

The given advantages prove perspectivity of use быстровозводимого habitation in comparison with traditional kinds of capital habitation from a brick, monolithic ferro-concrete and other designs with application of welded, "wet" and other labour-consuming assembly processes at the device of units of connections.

The urgency быстровозводимого habitation now constantly increases. The problem of operative maintenance of people habitation is characteristic both for the Russian Federation as a whole, and for the Ministry of Defence, and also for other departments and private{individual} builders. It is proved by essential influence of following complex{difficult} factors. First, the significant role is played with the international and military-political changes in the world. So, according to intergovernmental agreements between Russia, Germany and other countries, with 1993 the state programs on the accelerated construction in the Russian Federation of habitation for the military men deduced{removed} from Germany, the Baltic countries and other regions are realized. Secondly, a serious problem is greater{big} migration and resettlement of refugees from areas with local wars and disputed situations in the Chechen Republic, Lithuania, to Crimea and other Russian and foreign regions.

Thus of tens thousand people Russian and other nationalities are compelled{forced} to leave{abandon} the constant residence, to move in more safe regions of Russia and to solve the individual housing problems. Use быстровозводимых systems in habitation allows to solve these problems quickly and qualitatively.

Depending on constructive elements быстровозводимые buildings are classified on following five basic types: (1) superblock houses; (2) volumetric-block houses; (3) houses from flat and volumetric-block designs; (4) houses from flat and linear elements; (5) houses of the combined type.

Superblock houses are characterized by the significant sizes and weight and delivered in completely ready kind from a manufacturer by specialized automobile transport-trailers the raised{increased} carrying capacity. The sizes of one superblock can be: on length - 3-12 m; on width - 2-4 m; on height - 3-6 m, etc. So, the cottage can consist only of 1-6 and more superblocks.

Volumetric-block houses consist, as a rule, of a lot of volumetric blocks, each of which has the smaller sizes and weight, than superblock designs. There are various constructive systems of volumetric-block houses in Russia and abroad. The basic systems which are serially let out{are serially released} at the enterprises стройиндустрии, the following are: " Энергетик "," the Forester "," the Geologist "," Универсал "," Comfort " and a number{line} of other systems developed in Ministry for the Power Generating Industry, Мингео, Минстрое both other ministries and departments of Russia. So, system " Энергетик " includes houses from the block-containers of the various updatings blocked across (on end faces and lateral faces into a door) - face and average; on a vertical when the block-container of the second floor leans{bases} on the modified roofing panel the block-container of a ground floor. The size of everyone the block-container 6x3x2,9м (the block-container of tambour 3x1,5x2,9м); a total area the block-container of 15,6 m (3,9 m); building volume of 44 m; a lump 4...6,2 т.

The base design of blocks represents the container having the panel decision and elements (panels, roofs, etc.); the skeleton of panels is executed from брусков. On a skeleton from two parties{sides} крепят ЦСП, panels of external walls are in addition sheathed outside строгаными by boards thickness of 19 mm (there is also a variant with the decision of a covering from it is cement-стружечной plates); inside - firm ДВП. Теплоизоляция - semifixed минераловатные plates, partitions three-layer wooden with a soundproofing layer and with a covering from plywood or ДВП. Windows and doors wooden; a pure{clean} floor - linoleum on теплоизоляционной to a basis on a flooring from boards. A roof - flat or скатная, accordingly rolled or from a tile; furnish external - fireproof paints, internal - водоэмульсионными paints and wall-papers depending on purpose{assignment; destination} of premises{rooms} of the house.

The example быстровозводимого a two-room one-storeyed two-room apartment house from containers of system is resulted{brought} on fig. 1. The basic building characteristics of the house are presented in tab. 1. So, the house consists all of eight volumetric blocks, including six basic containers in the size by way of 6x3 m and two additional containers in the size 3x1,5 m. Blocking of containers is carried out across, on end faces and on lateral faces. Thus, the erected object is two blocked houses, the variant of the device of one five-room house on the basis of the given decision is if necessary possible{probable}. The lump of the house makes only 30 т, that in some times less than the comparable house of capital designs. Labour input of installation of the house is equal 30 чел.-дн., that allows a brigade in structure of 5 чел. For six changes to carry out input of object in operation.