Быстровозводимый the house erect as follows.

1. The unified volumetric blocks of bearing{carrying} designs transport to a place of assembly of a building automobile, railway, water or air transport.

2. On in advance prepared basis by means of truck cranes or other means establish{install} one on another volumetric blocks and rigidly fasten among themselves by means of known connecting elements.

3. After installation of the house тяжи pass{miss} on its{his} height through intermediate vertical racks of skeletons of blocks and connecting муфты, located between blocks (floors).

4. By means of carving tips and nuts the top ends тяжей fix in top level of overlapping{blocking} of a building in horizontal frame elements of the top blocks. Their bottom ends connect to the tension devices established{installed} at the bottom level of overlapping{blocking} of a building.

5. Then by means of these devices strain тяжи which press out skeletons of volumetric blocks on height.

The design of the house works as follows.

Houses arising while in service static and dynamic loadings by means of connecting муфт are directly transferred{transmitted} to vertical and inclined frame elements located below volumetric blocks. Such redistribution of loadings in a skeleton excludes a superfluous deflection of their horizontal elements.

Design connecting муфт, besides provides perception{recognition} and transfer of horizontal efforts (wind, etc. loadings) due to teamwork of coaxially located holders, and also loose leaves.

Thus, in the offered decision due to a pressure{voltage} тяжей and connecting муфт redistribution of efforts and teamwork of all frame elements of volumetric blocks that provides increase of spatial rigidity of the house and it{him} этажности and its{his} decrease{reduction} материалоемкости is provided. The resulted{brought} technical decision is developed by authors and protected by the copyright certificate on the invention.

So, for arrangement of the Russian armies, with 1993 are widely used быстровозводимые volumetric blocks of firm " BEECH УНПАР ГМБХ " from Germany. Construction of habitation in military stations and settlements under the special program is carried out with the organizations of Ministry of Defence. The customer on construction is Joint-Stock Company PSF " Conversion-habitation ", the general design organization - 53 Central project institute МО. The manufacturer is the factory in a Пиннов. Now of the given blocks in territory of Russia it is constructed about 380 apartment houses and it is provided to erect{announce} 150 more. Regions of already constructed houses include Leningrad, Moscow, Pskov, Tver, Kaliningrad and other areas. Construction in the Novgorod, Kostroma, Voronezh and Astrakhan areas, and also in Stavropol Territory is planned. In particular, in Leningrad region inhabited settlements for officers, ensigns and members of their families are maintained in a Pushkin, in settlements Siversky, Гарболово and Касимово.

With 1994 on present{true} time at the St.-Petersburg state architecturally-building university and РААСН is carried out significant volume of scientific works on natural inspections and tests of apartment houses from blocks " BEECHES ", including separately costing{standing} individual cottages for military men. Block-container " BEECH " represents a metal volumetric element with a skeleton and a covering is cement-стружечными plates from the external party{side} and гипсостружечными - with internal. The heater from mineral felt is laid between a bar of an internal wooden skeleton. The maximal sizes of blocks by way of - 10,25x3,4 m, height on internal measurement - 2,5 m.

Exist in Russia быстровозводимые at home and from flat and linear elements. In particular, buildings of constructive system " Falcon " are developed. The system includes various panel and рамные elements, walls, overlappings{blockings}, a partition and coverings are carried out in the form of the unified designs of type "sandwich" with a wooden skeleton, with a heater from polyfoam and with a covering from two parties{sides} is cement-стружечными plates. Panels of walls have vertical and horizontal разрезку with the basic sizes accordingly 1,2x2,7 m and 3,6x1,2 m. the Bases - незаглубленные, from modular or monolithic concrete. A roof - чердачная or combined. A roof metal, tile or rolled with an external or internal drainage system. For connection of elements original quickly-combined teams steel clamps{fixing agents} or mortgage metal details on nails are used.

System " Falcon " allows to form functional blocks of the most various purpose{assignment; destination}. Small enough планировочный the module (1,2) enables flexibly to vary the areas of premises{rooms} of the house. Low (IV-V) the degree of fire resistance of buildings has corresponding{meeting} space-planning restrictions: houses can be created одно-or two-storeyed with rather small area of a floor. Architectural expressiveness of erected houses is reached{achieved} by an active colour score, use of architectural details - inputs{entrances}, козырьков, figured eaves, stained-glass windows with multi-coloured остеклением and other receptions.

Following advantages of the given system are essentially important.

First, быстровозводимая system " Falcon " allows to mount houses manually, without use special кранового the equipment due to small weight of panels. So, the weight of the heaviest assembly element (panels of overlapping{blocking} in the size 1,2x3,6) makes all about 120 kg. It allows to lower essentially cost of installation of a cottage, in comparison with volumetric-block systems " Geologists ", "BEECH" and others.

Secondly, units of connection of system allow to adapt habitation for changing external conditions due to local, local not labour-consuming disassembly of walls and overlappings{blockings} and the subsequent re-planning of a cottage. It solves the important social and economic problem of creation of dynamical, developing habitation for the person.

Except for system " Falcon ", other panel system - new быстровозводимая constructive system (НБКС), adequating to the open method of typification is developed. Designing is carried out " from products to buildings " and by principles of flexible system of panel housing construction. The system consists of three subsystems: стоечно-panel, panel and рамно-panel. Modular coordination of the sizes is solved on the basis of the basic module of 30 M and the additional module of 15 M (3 and 1,5, that allows to limit the catalogue of the unified products essentially. As a base element of unification the panel on a room in the size 3x6 m. the Basic material of designs - easy{light} concrete with effective fillers is accepted. The main advantage of system before the series intended for traditional habitation, consists in use of essentially new units of connections. The basic joint is applied бессварочным, type "thorn-jack" which earlier was used only in mobile construction. Joints of edges of elements are carried out dry, without "wet" processes, and hermetic sealing of connections is reached{achieved} due to a mutual attraction and обжатия special намагниченных the rubber membranes strengthened on edges.

НБКС allows to create from products of the reduced nomenclature (about 50 standard sizes) the representative list of buildings for cottage building with enough high degree of fire resistance. Architectural expressiveness is provided with an opportunity of the flexible decision of facades due to сдвижек by way of and on height, uses of apertures of the different form, and also organic inclusion of elements of loggias, bay windows, inputs{entrances} and other receptions.

Essentially important advantages of system NBKS in comparison with panel system " Falcon " and volumetric-panel systems " Geologists ", "BEECH" and others are: increase of durability and a degree of fire resistance; decrease{reduction} in working costs and labour inputs of installation; increase теплотехнических properties of protecting designs and reliability of joints of panels. Now the system takes root into building manufacture.