Fig. 2. Быстровозводимые pneumatic individual apartment houses: and - the simple form; - the compound form; in - the complex{difficult} form; г - линзообразные; д - reinforced by ropes; е - ортотропные; - isotropic.

Fig. 3. An one-apartment two-storeyed 5-roomed "growing" country house with walls from термоструктурных panels: 1 - a lobby (8 m); 2 - the general{common} room (21 m); 3 - a bedroom (15; 12; 11; 11 m); 4 - kitchen{cuisine} (13 m); 5 - a hygienic room (6; 4 m); 6 - a sauna (6 m); 8 - garage (21 m); 9 - a loggia (6 m); 7 - subsidiary premises{rooms}.

Depending on a way of the device distinguish two basic types of inflatable houses: compressed-air supported and воздухонесомые. In compressed-air supported houses the environment leans{bases} on air which is being under low superfluous pressure inside of premises{rooms}. As воздухоподающих systems are used special вентиляторные installations. In воздухонесомых houses external protecting designs are the closed inflatable linear cores, flat panels or spatial environments.

Various variants of space-planning decisions of pneumatic habitation are shown on fig. 2. As environments in such type houses synthetic air-penetrable flexible and weatherproof materials are applied: прорезиненная a fabric, неопрен and other kinds of polymers.

Depending on the form distinguish following basic kinds of pneumatic houses: the simple form, the compound form, the complex{difficult} form, линзообразные, reinforced by ropes, ортотропные from fine rod elements and isotropic from large flat and volumetric elements (fig. 2). Reinforcing by ropes is applied with a view of creation зальных premises{rooms}, increase of reliability and prevention of emergency falling off of environments. Various combinations of the given kinds of pneumatic structures give significant вариабельные an opportunity for формообразования not only dynamical, but also expressive dwelling. It{this} is promoted by use of various forms of primary inflatable elements: cone-shaped, торообразных (fig. 2,), cylindrical, spherical, etc. It also allows to project{design} new, unusual architectural forms in individual housing construction.

The example планировочного decisions of the transformed country house "growing" under influence of external conditions is presented on fig. 3 and in табл.1.

Заглубленные individual apartment houses - a nonconventional, alternative kind of dwelling which is directed on economy of the power resources spent for maintenance of a comfortable mode in premises{rooms} at home. The need{requirement} in заглубленном dwelling has arisen in connection with increase of requirements to heat-shielding properties of protecting designs in Russia and abroad. The wide circulation заглубленных cottages has received construction in the USA, especially intensively it has started to be conducted after an energy crisis of 70th years. So, according to the American scientists, cost of construction ground and заглубленных cottages is practically identical. At the same time the economy of energy at operation can reach{achieve} 30-60 % from expenses of energy for ground houses.

Table 1